ဆရာၾကီး ဦးသာနိဳးရဲ႕ ေဆာင္းပါး(၃၄)

ၾကိယာကို ကတၱားနဲ႔တြဲျပီးသံုးတာ ( SxV ) အျပင္ အျခားသံုးရတာမ်ားလည္း ရွိေသးတယ္။ ၀ါက်မွာ နာမ္လုပ္တဲ႔ေနရာေတြမွာ ( S, SC, OC, DO ) သူကို သံုးနိဳင္တယ္။ ၾကိယာနာမ္လို႔ ေခၚမလားမသိဘူး။ သမာရုိးက်သဒၵါကေတာ႔ non-finite parts of the verb လို႔ ေခၚတယ္။ ခုေခတ္သဒၵါဆရာမ်ားကေတာ႔ ဒီအေခၚကို အၾကိဳက္ၾကဘူး။ W.H.Mittens က Verbids လို႔ အမည္သစ္ထြင္ျပီး သံုးထားတယ္။ သံုးမ်ိဳးရိွပါတယ္။
1. Infinitive with to.........( to go, to come စသည္..)
2. Infinitive without to....( go, come စသည္..) . ( တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔က simple form ေခၚၾကရဲ႔ )
3. The V-ing form .............( သမာရိုးက် သဒၵါက Gerund လို႔ ေခၚတယ္.။ )
ေအာက္ပါ၀ါက်မ်ားကို ေလ႔လာၾကည့္ပါ...။
He loves books.
S.......V......DO
( DO ဟာ books ဆိုတဲ႔ Noun တစ္ခုျဖစ္တယ္။ )
He wants to read.
S.......V.........DO
( DO ဟာ to read ဆုိတဲ႔ Infinitive with to ျဖစ္တယ္။ )
He enjoys reading.
S.......V...........DO
( DO ဟာ reading ဆိုတဲ႔ V-ing ျဖစ္တယ္။ )
An Inventor's job is invention.
......................S...V.....SC
( SC ဟာ invention ဆိုတဲ႔ Noun ျဖစ္တယ္။ )
An Inventor's job is inventing.
.......................S..V.......SC
( SC ဟာ inventing ဆိုတဲ႔ V-ing ျဖစ္တယ္။ )
An Inventor's job is invent.
........................S..V...SC
( SC ဟာ invent ဆိုတဲ႔ infinitive ျဖစ္တယ္။ )
ခုထိ ၀ါက်ေတြကို ေလ႔လာၾကည့္ရင္ Verbid ေတြဟာ ပင္မၾကိယာရဲ႔ DO လည္းျဖစ္နိဳင္၊ SC လည္း ျဖစ္နိဳင္တာကို ေတြ႔ၾကရမယ္.။ S လည္း ျဖစ္နိဳင္တာကို ေတြ႔ၾကရမယ္။ SC ေတြကို S နဲ႔ ေရွ႔ေနာက္ေျပာင္းျပန္လုပ္လိုက္ရင္ ျပီးတာပဲ...။

Inventing is an inventor's job.
......S...... V......................SC
To invent is an inventor's job
........S.....V.......................SC
တစ္ခါ ေအာက္ပါ၀ါက်မ်ားကို ေလ႔လာၾကည့္ပါဦး...။
They made him stay.
They let him go.
ဒီ၀ါက်မ်ားမွာ S က They ၊ V က made နဲ႔ let ၊ DO က him ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အလြယ္နဲ႔ သိနိဳင္တယ္။ stay နဲ႔ go ဆိုတဲ႔ infinitive without to ေတြက ဘာအလုပ္ လုပ္ေပးေနသလည္း။ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင္႔ေတာ႔ DO ကို ျဖည့္စြက္ေပးတဲ႔အတြက္ OC လို႔ ဆိုၾကတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ္႔ ေသေသခ်ာ စဥ္းစားၾကည့္ရင္ DO ကို ျဖည့္စြက္ရံု ျဖည့္စြက္္တာေလာက္တင္မဟုတ္ဘဲ သူကိုယ္တိုင္ကပါ DO ျဖစ္ေနတာကို ေတြ႔ၾကရမယ္။ They made - သူတို႔က ခိုင္းတယ္။ ဘာကို ခိုင္းသလညး္..။ အေနခိုင္းတာ..။ ဒီေတာ႔ stay ဟာ made ရဲ႕ DO ၊ They let - သူတို႔က ခြင္႔ျပဳတယ္။ ဘာကို ခြင္႔ျပဳသလညး္။ သြားဖို႔ခြင္႔ျပဳတာ။ ဒါေၾကာင္႔ go ဟာ let ရဲ႕ DO ျဖစ္တယ္။
အလားတူပဲ ေအာက္ပါ၀ါက်ကို ၾကည့္ရင္လည္း.............
They wanted him to resign.
...S.........V......DO........DO
S ဟာ They ၊ V က wanted ၊ DO တစ္ခုက him ၊ ေနာက္ DO တစ္ခုက to resign ဆိုတဲ႔ infinitive with to ျဖစ္တာကို ေတြ႔ရလိမ္႔မယ္။ ( want ေနာက္က infinitive ဟာ DO ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အထက္နားမွာ ေထာက္ျပခဲ႔ျပီး။ )
ဒီေတာ႔ ၀ါက်ပံုစံစာရင္းထဲမွာ DO ႏွစ္ခုပါတဲ႔ ပံုစံကို ျဖည့္စြက္မွတ္သားရမွာ ျဖစ္တယ္.။
ေနာက္တစ္ခါ ေအာက္ပါ ၀ါက်မ်ားကို ေလ႔လာၾကည့္ပါဦး...။
Poverty made him a beggar.
...S...........V......DO......OC
( OC ဟာ noun တစ္ခုျဖစ္တယ္။ )
Poverty made him beg.
...S...........V.....DO...DO
( DO ႏွစ္ခုပါတယ္ ၊ ဒုတိယ DO က infinitive without to )
Poverty started him begging.
..S..............S.....DO.........?
( DO တစ္ခုက him ဆိုတာေတာ႔ ရွင္းတယ္။ begging ဆိုတဲ႔ V-ing ဟာ DO လား၊ OC လား အေျပာ၇ခက္တယ္။ )
ပိုမို သေဘာေပါက္သြားေအာင္ ေအာက္ပါ နမူနာမ်ားကို ထပ္ျပီး ေလ႔လာၾကည့္ပါဦး...။
1. Infinitive with to

A. as DO

I want to earn my own living.
She promised to write everyday.
We intend to go to France.
We want you to pack now.
The barometer began to fall.
He tried to open a window.
The children hate to go to bed.
He likes to cause trouble.

B. as SC

A critic's job is to criticize.
The work of a mechanic is to mend cars.
I seem to be deaf today.
She seems to be reliable.
His principal pastime is to drive into the country.

C. as S

To err is human. ( စကားပံု )
To eat too much makes one fat.
To spill the salt at table brings bad luck.
To be obeyed was natural to her.
To be or not to be is the question.
To read English books improve your English Skills.


2.Infinitive without to

as DO

Please let me go now.
Let him come in now.
You can't make me do such things.
Necessity made people invent.
We heard her come downstairs.
She watched him cross the street.
I won't have you say such things.

3. V-ing

as DO

She loves walking in the mountains.
Stop talking.
I regret having told her that.
He denied knowing anything about their plan.
I can't avoid meeting her from time to time.
She enjoyed listening to pop music.

as SC

His chief hobby is gardening.
A critic's job is criticizing.
An editor's job is editing the news.
His favourite passtime was driving into the country.

as S

Reading is a good habit.
Climbing mountains is good exercise.
Flying by night is perfectly safe nowadays.
His handling of the situation was masterly.
It's been a great pleasure showing you the sights of London.
( it ဟာ V-ing ကိုယ္စား S ေနရာယူထားတာ )

အခုေဖာ္ျပခဲ႔တဲ႔ နမူနာစာေတြကို တမင္ ဘာသာျပန္ မေပးလိုက္တာ ျဖစ္တယ္။ ၀ါက်ကို ပိုငး္ျခားခြဲစိတ္ရာမွာ အဂၤလိပ္နဲ႔ ျမန္မာ မတူၾကတဲ႔အတြက္ ဘာသာျပန္ျပီး နားလည္ဖို႔ၾကိဳးစားရင္ လြဲမွားသြားနိဳင္တဲ႔အတြက္ေၾကာင္႔ပါပဲ။
ဥပမာ.. He wants to read မွာ ျပခဲ႔တဲ႔အတိုင္း to read ဟာ DO လို႔ အဂၤလိပ္သဒၵါအရ ပိုင္းျခားရတယ္။ ျမန္မာလိုမွာေတာ႔ ( သူဖတ္ခ်င္တယ္ ) ဆိုရာမွာ ( ဖတ္ ) ၾကိယာနဲ႔ ( ခ်င္ ) ၾကိယာေထာက္တို႔ တြဲဖက္သံုးထားတာမွွ် ျဖစ္တယ္။ အလားတူပဲ invention က Noun, inventing က V- ing, to invent က infinitive လို႔ အဂၤလိပ္သဒၵါအရ ခြဲျခားသိျမင္ရေပမယ္႔ ျမန္မာလိုမွာေတာ႔ ( တီထြင္ျခင္း ၊ တီထြင္မႈ႕ ၊ တီထြင္ေရး ) စသည္ျဖင္႔ ၾကိယာနာမ္ခ်ည္း ျဖစ္ေနတယ္။ ဒီေတာ႔ အဂၤလိပ္၀ါက်ကို စိတ္ပိုင္းသတ္မွတ္ရာမွာ အဂၤလိပ္ သဒၵါအျမင္အရပဲ ၾကည့္တတ္ဖို႔ ၾကိဳးစားရပါမယ္။
Posted by ကိုတူး(မိတၳီလာ GTI)